Atrial fibrillation (Afib)
Atrial fibrillation (Afib) is an irregular rhythm that begins in the upper chambers (atria) of the heart. Symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, shortness of breath and dizziness. Atherosclerosis is one of the most common arrhythmias. Risk factors include high blood pressure, heart disease and obesity. Untreated atrial fibrillation can lead to stroke.
Causes
To understand what atrial fibrillation causes, it can be helpful to understand the normal heart shape.
A normal heart has four chambers, two upper chambers (atria) and two lower chambers (ventricles). In the upper right atrium there is a cluster of sinus node cells. The sinuses carry the heart’s natural rhythm. Do a movement to start each heartbeat.
In a regular heart rhythm:
- This signal travels from the sinus node through the upper two chambers of the heart (atria).
- This signal travels between the superior and inferior atrioventricular (AV) nodes.
- The movement of these signals causes the heart to contract (systole), pumping blood around the heart and body.
In atrial fibrillation, the signals in the upper chambers of the heart are chaotic. As a result, the upper chamber vibrates. The AV region is then bombarded with signals that try to reach the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles). As a result, the heart beats rapidly and irregularly.
The heart rate in atrial fibrillation can range from 100 to 175 beats per minute. A normal heart rate is between 60 and 100 beats per minute.
Causes of atrial fibrillation
The most common cause of atrial fibrillation is a structural problem with the heart. Possible causes of atrial fibrillation are:
- Coronary artery disease
- Heart attack
- Congenital heart disease
- Heart valve insufficiency
- Blood pressure rises
- Lung disease
- Physical stress from surgery, pneumonia or other illnesses
- Previous heart surgery
- Pacemaker complications (sick sinus syndrome).
- Sleep paralysis
- Kidney diseases such as hyperthyroidism and other metabolic imbalances
- The use of certain drugs, stimulants such as caffeine, tobacco and alcohol
- Viral infections
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